緬甸軍政權之「八大」種族清洗政策 左為緬甸一號軍頭啖血(Than Shwe) 右為二號軍頭毛兒(Maung Aye) Junta’s Ethnic Cleansing in Eight Stages _ By Dr. San Oo Aung According to President of Genocide Watch, Gregory Stanton, genocide develops in eight stages that are "predictable but not inexorable". The FBI has found somewhat similar stages for hate groups. And we can see that SPDC junta's ethnic cleansing is going along the same lines. Stage 1. Classification. Characteristics = People are divided into "us and them". Myanmar Military divided all the people of Myanmar as_ (a) Military/ex-Military/Family and relatives of Military Vs Non Military ordinary people. (b) Myanmar Military labeled Muslims as Kala/Kala Dain, Mi Masit Pha Masit (Bustards). (c) Myanmar Chinese and Myanmar Muslim as Mixed blooded/guest citizens/not loyal t 居酒屋o the country/ illegal immigrants etc. (d) Rohingya Rakhine Muslims as illegal immigrants from Bangladesh. (e) NLD and all the opposition members as traitors and servants of Western colonists. (f) Daw Aung San Suu Kyi as untrustworthy. Myanmar Military labeled her as , foreigner’s wife, agent of colonists etc (g) Karen, Mon, Shan, Kachin and Ethnic Minorities as rebels, separationists, those who want to divide the country etc The main preventive measure at this early stage is to develop universalistic institutions that transcend... divisions, and that actively promote tolerance and understanding, and that promote classifications that transcend the divisions. Stage 2. Symbolization. Characteristics = "When combined with hatred, symbols may be forced upon unwilling membe 賣屋rs of pariah groups..." NLD, Opposition, Rebels, Ethnic Minorities as Non Barmans, Muslims, Christians, Chinese, even Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Kha Maut is symbolized for hatred and annihilation. Stage 3. Dehumanization Characteristics = "Dehumanization overcomes the normal human revulsion against murder." NLD, Opposition, Rebels, Ethnic Minorities as Non Basmans, Muslims, Christians, Chinese, even Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Kha Maut is symbolized for hatred and annihilation. Stage 4. Organization Characteristics = Organization "Genocide is always organized, usually by the state, though sometimes informally. Special army units or militias are often trained and armed..." or by terrorist groups. Special army units or militias are often trained and armed. Plans are made for genocidal killings. Stage 5 關鍵字廣告. Polarization "Hate groups broadcast polarizing propaganda..." SPDC’s bill boards around the country, SPDC various media, pamphlets speeches are full with this hate propaganda. Extremists drive the groups apart. Laws may forbid intermarriage or social interaction. Extremist terrorism targets moderates, intimidating and silencing the center Stage 6. Identification "Victims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity..." This is very obvious with the SPDC, even no need to elaborate further. Death lists are drawn up. Members of victim groups are forced to wear identifying symbols. They are often segregated into ghettoes, forced into concentration camps, or confined to a famine-struck region and starved. "At this stage, a Genocide Alert must be called... (a) " If the politica 酒店兼職l will of the U.S., NATO, and the U.N. Security Council can be mobilized, (b) armed international intervention should be prepared or heavy assistance to the victim group in preparing for its self-defense. (c) Otherwise, at least humanitarian assistance should be organized by the U.N. and private relief groups for the inevitable tide of refugees. Stage 7. Extermination "It is "extermination" to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human." Extermination begins, and quickly becomes the mass killing legally called "genocide." When it is sponsored by the state, the armed forces often work with militias to do the killing. Sometimes the genocide results in revenge killings by groups against each other, creating the downward whirlpool-like cycle of bilateral genocide (as in Burundi). The whole Myan 找房子mar/Burma is used as killing field now. Even on the streets in the daylight, they had shot to kill the thousand of demonstrators including students. This was after the open threat or warning by their Supreme leader General Ne Win in his farewell speech. "At this stage, only rapid and overwhelming armed intervention can stop genocide. Real safe areas or refugee escape corridors should be established with heavily armed international protection." Stage 8. Denial "The perpetrators... deny that they committed any crimes..." Asked any SPDC Generals, Myanmar Military they are willing to confirm and prove this fact of truth! Denial is the eighth stage that always follows genocide. It is among the surest indicators of further genocidal massacres. The perpetrators of genocide dig up the mass graves, burn the bodies, try to cover up the evidence and intimidat 借錢e the witnesses. They deny that they committed any crimes, and often blame what happened on the victims. They block investigations of the crimes, and continue to govern until driven from power by force, when they flee into exile. There they remain with impunity, like Pol Pot or Idi Amin, unless they are captured and a tribunal is established to try them. "The response to denial is punishment by an international tribunal or national courts." There the evidence can be heard, and the perpetrators punished. Tribunals like the Yugoslav, Rwanda, or Sierra Leone Tribunals, an international tribunal to try the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, and ultimately the International Criminal Court must be created. They may not deter the worst genocidal killers. But with the political will to arrest and prosecute them, some mass murderers may be brought to justice. Ethnic cleansing Ethn 借款ic cleansing refers to various policies or practices aimed at the displacement of an ethnic group from a particular territory. The term entered English and international usage in the early 1990s to describe certain events in the former Yugoslavia, with the induced cleansing of Bosniaks ("Bosnian Muslims"). Narrower definitions equate ethnic cleansing with forcible population transfer accompanied by gross human-rights violations and other factors. In broader definitions it is effectively a synonym of population transfer. DefinitionsThe term ethnic cleansing has been variously defined. In the words of Andrew Bell-Fialkoff: Ethnic cleansing defies easy definition. At one end it is virtually indistinguishable from forced emigration and population exchange while at the other it merges with deportation and genocide. At the most general level, however, ethnic cleansing can be understood a 買屋s the expulsion of an "undesirable" population from a given territory due to religious or ethnic discrimination, political, strategic or ideological considerations, or a combination of these. Drazen Petrovic has distinguished between broad and narrow definitions. Broader definitions focus on the fact of expulsion based on ethnic criteria, while narrower definitions include additional criteria: for example, that expulsions are systematic, illegal, involve gross human-rights abuses, or are connected with an ongoing internal or international war. According to Petrovic: Ethnic cleansing is a well-defined policy of a particular group of persons to systematically eliminate another group from a given territory on the basis of (a) religious, (b) ethnic or (c) national origin. Such a policy involves violence and is very often connected with military operations. It is to be achieved by 情趣用品 all possible means - - - (a) from discrimination to (b) extermination, and (c) entails violations of human rights and (d) international humanitarian law." SPDC is known for- - - (a) killings members of the group, (extrajudicial and in the jails) (b) physical destructions, (of houses, religious places, villages etc) (c) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group · rape · tortures · jailings · imposing restricted movements · preventing or disturbing their daily struggle for a livelyhood · daily alteration of orders or laws to restrict or disturb the daily activities etc (d) Denying of all the Basic Human Rights to all its citizens. · of all the groups in opposition, · NLD, · Ethnic Minorities and · Minority Religious groups. http://www.tayzathuria.org.uk/bd/2007/3/11/e/so 房屋買賣a.htm .
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